Exception handling is a mechanism that is used to handle and manage errors and exceptions that occur during the execution of a program. Exception handling is used to prevent the program from crashing or failing when an error or an exception occurs, and to provide a mechanism for the program to recover or compensate for the error or the exception.

Exception handling is a fundamental concept in programming, and it is supported by most programming languages, including PL/SQL, which is a procedural language for managing and manipulating data in an Oracle database. In PL/SQL, exception handling is used to handle and manage errors and exceptions that occur during the execution of PL/SQL blocks, procedures, functions, and triggers.

PL/SQL provides a rich and powerful exception handling mechanism that enables the programmer to handle and manage errors and exceptions in a flexible and robust way. The following is a brief overview of the main aspects of exception handling in PL/SQL:

• Exceptions: An exception is an event that occurs during the execution of a program that requires the program to take some special action, such as handling an error, or compensating for a failure. An exception can be either predefined (system-defined) or user-defined (application-specific).
• Exception handling: Exception handling is the process of handling and managing exceptions that occur during the execution of a program. Exception handling involves trapping and handling the exceptions, and providing a mechanism for the program to recover or compensate for the exceptions.
• Exception handling block: An exception handling block is a block of PL/SQL code that is used to handle and manage exceptions that occur during the execution of a program. An exception handling block consists of two parts: the exception declaration section, which declares the exceptions that the block can handle, and the exception handling section, which defines the actions that the block should take when an exception occurs.
• Exception declaration section: The exception declaration section is a part of the exception handling block that declares the exceptions that the block can handle. The exception declaration section specifies the exceptions that the block can trap and handle, and it can also specify any additional information or context about the exceptions.
• Exception handling section: The exception handling section is a part of the exception handling block that defines the actions that the block should take when an exception occurs.