A database management system (DBMS) is a software application that is used to store, retrieve, and manipulate data in a database. The architecture of a DBMS refers to the overall design and components of the system, and how they work together to store, retrieve, and manipulate data.

The following are the main components of a DBMS architecture:

• Data model: The data model is the logical structure of the database, which defines the data types, relationships, and constraints of the data. There are several different data models that can be used in a DBMS, such as the relational model, the hierarchical model, and the object-oriented model.
• Data schema: The data schema is the physical structure of the database, which defines how the data is organized and stored on the computer. The data schema includes the tables, columns, and indexes of the database, as well as any other physical structures that are used to store and access the data.
• Data manipulation language (DML): The DML is the language that is used to manipulate the data in the database, such as inserting, updating, and deleting data. Examples of DMLs include SQL (Structured Query Language) and NoSQL (Not Only SQL).
• Data definition language (DDL): The DDL is the language that is used to define the structure of the database, such as creating and dropping tables, and altering the schema of the database.
• Query processor: The query processor is the component of the DBMS that is responsible for parsing and executing queries on the data. The query processor translates the queries into a form that can be processed by the DBMS, and then executes the queries and returns the results to the user.
• Query optimizer: The query optimizer is the component of the DBMS that is responsible for optimizing the performance of queries. The query optimizer analyzes the queries and determines the most efficient way to execute them, based on factors such as the data statistics, the index structure, and the hardware resources of the database server.
• Storage manager: The storage manager is the component of the DBMS that is responsible for managing the physical storage of the data on the computer. The storage manager handles tasks such as reading and writing data to and from the database, as well as managing the allocation of space on the storage media.
• Transaction manager: The transaction manager is the component of the DBMS that is responsible for managing the transactions on the data. A transaction is a unit of work that is executed on the database, and the transaction manager ensures that the transactions are executed atomically, consistently, and in isolation from each other.

Overall, the architecture of a DBMS is designed to provide a structured, reliable, and efficient way of storing and manipulating data in a database. The various components of the DBMS architecture work together to provide the functionality and capabilities needed to support a wide range of data management tasks.